实训二十四、路由器 RIP-2 配置
一、实验目的
1. 掌握动态路由的配置方法
2. 理解 RIP-2 协议的工作过程
3. 理解 RIP-2 对变长子网掩码的支持
二、应用环境
1. 在不连续的变长子网掩码环境中，RIP-1 的自动汇总会得出错误的路由
2. RIP-2 可以关闭自动汇总，从而得出正确的路由
3. 尽量不要分配不连续的子网
4. 在路由器较多的环境里，手工配置静态路由给管理员带来大的工作负担
5. 在不太稳定的网络环境里，手工修改表不现实
三、实验设备
1. DCR-2655
三台
2. 网线（交叉线） 四条
六、 实验步骤
第一步：按照上表配置所有接口的 IP 地址，保证所有接口全部是 up 状态，测试连通性
Router_config#hostname RA
RA_config#interface g0/3
RA_config_g0/3#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
RA_config_g0/3#no shutdown
RA_config_g0/3#exit
RA_config#interface g0/4
RA_config_g0/4#ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
RA_config_g0/4#no shutdown
RA_config_g0/4#exit
RB 、RC 配置命令 略
第二步：配置 RA 的 RIP-1
RA_config#router rip
RA_config_rip# network 192.168.1.0
RA_config_rip#network 172.16.3.0 !在 RIP-1 里掩码是没有意义的
RA_config_rip#^Z
第三步：查看 RA 的路由表
RA#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected
D - BEIGRP, DEX - external BEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area
ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
DHCP - DHCP type, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
C 172.16.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
第四步：配置 RB 的 RIP-1 协议
RB_config#router rip
RB_config_rip#network 192.168.1.0
RB_config_rip#network 192.168.2.0
RB_config_rip#exit
第五步：查看 RB 上的路由表
RB#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected
D - BEIGRP, DEX - external BEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area
ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
DHCP - DHCP type, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
R 172.16.0.0/16 [120,1] via 192.168.1.1(on GigaEthernet0/3) ！注意是有类的地址
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
第六步：配置路由器 C 的 RIP-1 协议
RC_config#router rip
RC_config_rip#net 192.168.2.0
RC_config_rip#net 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 ！ RIP-1 是有类的路由协议
RC_config_rip#^Z
第七步：再次查看路由器 B 的路由表 ! 注意延时，等一会再 show ip route
RB#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected
D - BEIGRP, DEX - external BEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area
ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
DHCP - DHCP type, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
R 172.16.0.0/16 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on GigaEthernet0/4)
[120,1] via 192.168.1.1(on GigaEthernet0/3)
！由于有类路由的自动汇总，出现了错误的路由
R 172.16.4.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on GigaEthernet0/4)
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
第八步：在所有路由器上配置 RIP-2 协议并关闭自动汇总
RA_config#router rip
RA_config#version 2 ！指明为版本 2
RA_config# no auto-summary ！关闭自动汇总
RB_config#router rip
RB_config_rip#version 2
RB_config_rip#no auto-summary
RC_config#router rip
RC_config_rip#version 2
RC_config_rip#no auto-summary
第九步：五分钟后再次查看所有的路由表
A 的路由表
RA#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected
D - BEIGRP, DEX - external BEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area
ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
DHCP - DHCP type, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
C 172.16.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
R 172.16.4.0/24 [120,2] via 192.168.1.2(on GigaEthernet0/3)
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.1.2(on GigaEthernet0/3)
B 的路由表
RB_config#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected
D - BEIGRP, DEX - external BEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
DHCP - DHCP type, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
R 172.16.0.0/16 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on GigaEthernet0/4)
R 172.16.3.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.1.1(on GigaEthernet0/3) ！正确的路由
R 172.16.4.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on GigaEthernet0/4)
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
C 的路由表
RC#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, BC - BGP connected
D - BEIGRP, DEX - external BEIGRP, O - OSPF, OIA - OSPF inter area
ON1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
OE1 - OSPF external type 1, OE2 - OSPF external type 2
DHCP - DHCP type, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
VRF ID: 0
R 172.16.0.0/16 [120,2] via 192.168.2.1(on GigaEthernet0/4)
R 172.16.3.0/24 [120,2] via 192.168.2.1(on GigaEthernet0/4)
C 172.16.4.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.2.1(on GigaEthernet0/4)
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4
！注意到所有网段都学习到了正确掩码的路由
第十步：相关的查看命令
RA#show ip rip
！显示 RIP 状态
Update: 30, Expire: 180, Holddown: 120
Input-queue: 50
Validate-update-source: Enable
Neighbor List:
RA#sh ip rip protocol
！显示协议细节
RIP is Active
update interval 30(s), Invalid interval 180(s)
Holddown interval 120(s), Trigger interval 5(s)
Automatic network summarization: Disable
Network List:
network 192.168.1.0
network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0
Filter list:
Offset list:
Redistribute policy:Interface send version and receive version:
Global version : V2
Interface Send-version Recv-version Nbr_number
GigaEthernet0/3 V2 V2 3
GigaEthernet0/4 V2 V2 0
Distance: 0 (default is 120):
Maximum route count: 1024, Current route count:6
RA#show ip rip database ! 显示 RIP 数据库
172.16.0.0/16 auto-summary
172.16.0.0/16 [120,2] via 192.168.1.2 (on GigaEthernet0/3) 00:00:23
172.16.3.0/24 directly connected GigaEthernet0/4
172.16.4.0/24 [120,2] via 192.168.1.2 (on GigaEthernet0/3) 00:00:03
192.168.1.0/24 directly connected GigaEthernet0/3
192.168.2.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.1.2 (on GigaEthernet0/3) 00:00:03
RB、RC 相关配置查看 略
七、注意事项和排错
1.只能宣告直连的网段
2.宣告时不附加掩码
3.分配地址时最好是连续的子网，以免 RIP 汇聚出现错误
4.路由器对路由表作用时，均有反应时间
更新（Update）周期时间—30 秒
失效（Invalid）计时器—180 秒
清空（Flushed）计时器—270 秒
抑制（Hold-down）计时器—180 秒
八、配置命令
RA#show run
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
!version 1.3.3H
service timestamps log date
service timestamps debug date
no service password-encryption
!
hostname RA
!
gbsc group default
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface GigaEthernet0/3ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface GigaEthernet0/4
ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface GigaEthernet0/5
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface GigaEthernet0/6
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Serial0/2
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Async0/0
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
!
router rip
version 2
no auto-summary
network 192.168.1.0
network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0
!
RA#
RB、 RC 配置命令 略