实训二十四、路由器 RIP-2 配置

一、实验目的

1. 掌握动态路由的配置方法

2. 理解 RIP-2 协议的工作过程

3. 理解 RIP-2 对变长子网掩码的支持

二、应用环境

1. 在不连续的变长子网掩码环境中，RIP-1 的自动汇总会得出错误的路由

2. RIP-2 可以关闭自动汇总，从而得出正确的路由

3. 尽量不要分配不连续的子网

4. 在路由器较多的环境里，手工配置静态路由给管理员带来大的工作负担

5. 在不太稳定的网络环境里，手工修改表不现实

三、实验设备

1. DCR-2655

三台

2. 网线（交叉线） 四条

六、 实验步骤

第一步：按照上表配置所有接口的 IP 地址，保证所有接口全部是 up 状态，测试连通性

Router_config#hostname RA

RA_config#interface g0/3

RA_config_g0/3#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

RA_config_g0/3#no shutdown

RA_config_g0/3#exit

RA_config#interface g0/4

RA_config_g0/4#ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0

RA_config_g0/4#no shutdown

RA_config_g0/4#exit

RB 、RC 配置命令 略

第二步：配置 RA 的 RIP-1

RA_config#router rip

RA_config_rip# network 192.168.1.0

RA_config_rip#network 172.16.3.0  !在 RIP-1 里掩码是没有意义的

RA_config_rip#^Z

第三步：查看 RA 的路由表

RA#show ip route

Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, B – BGP, BC – BGP connected

D – BEIGRP, DEX – external BEIGRP, O – OSPF, OIA – OSPF inter area

ON1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2

OE1 – OSPF external type 1, OE2 – OSPF external type 2

DHCP – DHCP type, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2

VRF ID: 0

C 172.16.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3

第四步：配置 RB 的 RIP-1 协议

RB_config#router rip

RB_config_rip#network 192.168.1.0

RB_config_rip#network 192.168.2.0

RB_config_rip#exit

第五步：查看 RB 上的路由表

RB#show ip route

Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, B – BGP, BC – BGP connected

D – BEIGRP, DEX – external BEIGRP, O – OSPF, OIA – OSPF inter area

ON1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2

OE1 – OSPF external type 1, OE2 – OSPF external type 2

DHCP – DHCP type, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2

VRF ID: 0

R 172.16.0.0/16 [120,1] via 192.168.1.1(on GigaEthernet0/3) ！注意是有类的地址 

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3

C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4

第六步：配置路由器 C 的 RIP-1 协议

RC_config#router rip

RC_config_rip#net 192.168.2.0

RC_config_rip#net 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 ！ RIP-1 是有类的路由协议

RC_config_rip#^Z

第七步：再次查看路由器 B 的路由表 ! 注意延时，等一会再 show ip route

RB#show ip routeCodes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, B – BGP, BC – BGP connected

D – BEIGRP, DEX – external BEIGRP, O – OSPF, OIA – OSPF inter area

ON1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2

OE1 – OSPF external type 1, OE2 – OSPF external type 2

DHCP – DHCP type, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2

VRF ID: 0

R 172.16.0.0/16 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on GigaEthernet0/4)

[120,1] via 192.168.1.1(on GigaEthernet0/3)

！由于有类路由的自动汇总，出现了错误的路由

R 172.16.4.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on GigaEthernet0/4)

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3

C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4

第八步：在所有路由器上配置 RIP-2 协议并关闭自动汇总

RA_config#router rip

RA_config#version 2 ！指明为版本 2

RA_config# no auto-summary ！关闭自动汇总

RB_config#router rip

RB_config_rip#version 2

RB_config_rip#no auto-summary

RC_config#router rip

RC_config_rip#version 2

RC_config_rip#no auto-summary

第九步：五分钟后再次查看所有的路由表

A 的路由表

RA#show ip route

Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, B – BGP, BC – BGP connected

D – BEIGRP, DEX – external BEIGRP, O – OSPF, OIA – OSPF inter area

ON1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2

OE1 – OSPF external type 1, OE2 – OSPF external type 2

DHCP – DHCP type, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2

VRF ID: 0

C 172.16.3.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4

R 172.16.4.0/24 [120,2] via 192.168.1.2(on GigaEthernet0/3)

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3

R 192.168.2.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.1.2(on GigaEthernet0/3)

B 的路由表

RB_config#show ip route

Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, B – BGP, BC – BGP connected

D – BEIGRP, DEX – external BEIGRP, O – OSPF, OIA – OSPF inter area ON1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2

OE1 – OSPF external type 1, OE2 – OSPF external type 2

DHCP – DHCP type, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2

VRF ID: 0

R 172.16.0.0/16 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on GigaEthernet0/4)

R 172.16.3.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.1.1(on GigaEthernet0/3) ！正确的路由

R 172.16.4.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.2.2(on GigaEthernet0/4)

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3

C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4

C 的路由表

RC#show ip route

Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, B – BGP, BC – BGP connected

D – BEIGRP, DEX – external BEIGRP, O – OSPF, OIA – OSPF inter area

ON1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, ON2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2

OE1 – OSPF external type 1, OE2 – OSPF external type 2

DHCP – DHCP type, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2

VRF ID: 0

R 172.16.0.0/16 [120,2] via 192.168.2.1(on GigaEthernet0/4)

R 172.16.3.0/24 [120,2] via 192.168.2.1(on GigaEthernet0/4)

C 172.16.4.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/3

R 192.168.1.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.2.1(on GigaEthernet0/4)

C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigaEthernet0/4

！注意到所有网段都学习到了正确掩码的路由 

第十步：相关的查看命令

RA#show ip rip

！显示 RIP 状态

Update: 30, Expire: 180, Holddown: 120

Input-queue: 50

Validate-update-source: Enable

Neighbor List:

RA#sh ip rip protocol

！显示协议细节

RIP is Active

update interval 30(s), Invalid interval 180(s)

Holddown interval 120(s), Trigger interval 5(s)

Automatic network summarization: Disable

Network List:

network 192.168.1.0

network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0

Filter list:

Offset list:

Redistribute policy:Interface send version and receive version:

Global version : V2

Interface Send-version Recv-version Nbr_number

GigaEthernet0/3 V2 V2 3

GigaEthernet0/4 V2 V2 0

Distance: 0 (default is 120):

Maximum route count: 1024, Current route count:6

RA#show ip rip database ! 显示 RIP 数据库

172.16.0.0/16 auto-summary

172.16.0.0/16 [120,2] via 192.168.1.2 (on GigaEthernet0/3) 00:00:23

172.16.3.0/24 directly connected GigaEthernet0/4

172.16.4.0/24 [120,2] via 192.168.1.2 (on GigaEthernet0/3) 00:00:03

192.168.1.0/24 directly connected GigaEthernet0/3

192.168.2.0/24 [120,1] via 192.168.1.2 (on GigaEthernet0/3) 00:00:03

RB、RC 相关配置查看 略

七、注意事项和排错

1.只能宣告直连的网段

2.宣告时不附加掩码

3.分配地址时最好是连续的子网，以免 RIP 汇聚出现错误

4.路由器对路由表作用时，均有反应时间

更新（Update）周期时间—30 秒

失效（Invalid）计时器—180 秒

清空（Flushed）计时器—270 秒

抑制（Hold-down）计时器—180 秒

八、配置命令

RA#show run

Building configuration…

Current configuration:

!

!version 1.3.3H

service timestamps log date

service timestamps debug date

no service password-encryption

!

hostname RA

!

gbsc group default

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

no ip address

no ip directed-broadcast

!

interface GigaEthernet0/3ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

no ip directed-broadcast

!

interface GigaEthernet0/4

ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0

no ip directed-broadcast

!

interface GigaEthernet0/5

no ip address

no ip directed-broadcast

!

interface GigaEthernet0/6

no ip address

no ip directed-broadcast

!

interface Serial0/1

no ip address

no ip directed-broadcast

!

interface Serial0/2

no ip address

no ip directed-broadcast

!

interface Async0/0

no ip address

no ip directed-broadcast

!

router rip

version 2

no auto-summary

network 192.168.1.0

network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0

!

RA#

RB、 RC 配置命令 略